Great-tailed grackle research reveals need for researchers to consider their own flexibility and test limitations in cognitive test batteries

Range Expansion of the Great-tailed Grackle in the 1900s

Historic genetic structuring and paraphyly within the Great-tailed Grackle

The Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus) and Boat-tailed Grackle (Q. major) are sister species that have expanded their ranges during historical times. This expansion has created an area of sympatry between these species in Texas and Louisiana, and between distinctive Great-tailed Grackle subspecies in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. We investigated the evolutionary hi...

the relationship between learners critical thinking ability and their performance in the reading sections of the tofel and ielts test

the study reflected in this thesis aims at finding out relationships between critical thinking (ct), and the reading sections of tofel and ielts tests. the study tries to find any relationships between the ct ability of students and their performance on reading tests of tofel and academic ielts. however, no research has ever been conducted to investigate the relationship between ct and the read...

In vitro test systems and their limitations

Dear editor, It is well known that huge research networks have been initiated by the EU to establish in vitro test systems for toxicity testing (Liebsch et al. However, critical comments have been published concerning the perspectives for full replacement of animal experiments by in vitro systems (Adler et al., 2011). An expert panel confirmed that it may take approximately seven to nine years ...

Research and clinical criteria for development of neurobehavioral test batteries.

Because neuropsychological testing can detect subtle changes in central nervous system function resulting from occupational and environmental exposure to toxic chemicals, it has been widely used in behavioral neurotoxicologic investigations. However, work in this field often has ignored the distinction between clinical and research testing when applying these assessment techniques. Experimental...